Today I noticed something odd and worrying. It’s the first time I make a deep tour around the university of Tunis (Faculté de Tunis). I used to know the area due to the rapid-post office there. But today it was a special tour. Besides going to grab a letter I received, I wanted to buy a book. Yes a book. And guess what ….. it wasn’t so easy.

It is evident to find a business/shopping center close to any university area (Campus) which comprises so many schools and teaches thousands of students everyday. What is odd is that, while looking for the book to buy, I was able to find only ONE bookshop in that center. Not being able to find the book in French, I decided to have a tour in the center in order to find another bookshop. These are my non-accurate statistics about what I found instead: 6 coffee-shops, 1 smoky “salons de thé” (tea saloons), more than 20 copy-centers, 6 fastfood restaurants, 5 “bureaux de gravure” (CD burning shops). I’m wondering if the cyber-café is still there because I can’t see its signs anymore.

The copy-centers were full of students, with copies of book covers in the windows advertising the copies of books they have ready for “sale”: Maths, computing, accounting, law …. The “Gravure” shops advertising the last DVD of games, movies, ‘Lost’ and ‘Dr. house’ season, software packages ….

I’m not going to say that I never printed a book or bought a CD when I was student and before the democratization of the invention called “Internet”. What really makes me sad is to notice that, having a bookshop close to the university became a failing business. Tomorrow I’ll have to go downtown to one of the rare bookshops still standing the ‘cloning’ fashion.

I want to dedicate this post to our taxi driver in Rio. Luiz is an amazing guy who has the advantage of speaking English (enough to make us laugh at least) and Spanish too. He is proud of his carioca origins (native inhabitants of Rio) and who shares his love for his city. His taxi is endowed with a DVD player and 2 screens (with a remote control which freaks me out every time he uses). He started his tour with a formal touristy DVD in English language to avoid us looking at the bad weather but he never stopped speaking and showing us, by pointing with the fingers while driving, beaches, places, favelas, mountains, local girls … It was amazing to see how easy it was for him to jump from a subject to another while driving : talking about history, national and international politics, saying jokes, speaking to his colleagues over the radio and, the best part, listening to our discussions to catch any appointments or occasion to offer his services. He told us that few years ago he attended a 2-years course funded by the city council to learn English. He also has a small notepad where he used to write small sentences in Arabic and other languages I guess to astonish customers. Other ways are used for the same purpose, such as the Special Police Operations Battalion of Rio in action video in the war against Favelas’ gangs or a concert of local music or U2 (don’t ask me why U2).

Of course, in terms of planning, he was a king. He never stopped suggesting new places to visit, drinks to try, flats to rent, and even sports to try. I think there isn’t better than a taxi driver to give you a feeling of local people and their dreams and opinions.

While going to the airport, I remember asking him a lot of questions about his family, the taxes, and the cost of life in Rio. Luiz likes the fact of having his entire family living with him including his mum (he told me grandma but I think he’s wrong) and even the girlfriend of his older son who is “a good man like his father”. Luiz has even internet at home but he wasn’t able to spell exactly his email address. Later on, he gave me again his business card (for the 5th time in 2 days) and asked me to come back again with a group for a real tour in a sunny period and he will take care of us.

If one day you go to Rio, you should contact him (I don’t advise to contact him by email): Luiz Tours +55 2199456542 luistour@hotmail.com

After a long journey back from Rio to Tunis with a transit in Sao Paulo and then Milan, I needed a long rest and few real dinners (no comments about Alitalia dinners). Now I’m back to my dear laptop (I call ‘wife’ too) to write about Rio.

Rio was wonderful and charming. The only issue was that it was sunny just the day I arrived and the day I left. This is called bad luck especially when I saw the pictures of my colleagues who managed to have a good afternoon far from the atmosphere of the Internet Governance Forum. Nevertheless, as a group we managed to rent a taxi with a crazy driver (it is a compliment – I’ll dedicate the next post to him) to see what we had to see in Rio even if it was so cloudy that we were almost not able see anything.

We started the tour by going to the botanical garden which should be very beautiful but it was so cloudy and windy with a funny rain that we were not able it. Among the clouds we were able to see some buildings and sometimes some beaches. The next step was, a bit higher in Corcovado Mountain, Christ the Redeemer was standing proudly, facing the freezing wind and the shower of rain. The issue is that we were barely able to see him with all the clouds surrounding his huge statue. The Clouds were so low that we were not able to see other than a white landscape all around the place. That place was magic, and not only because it was one of the new seven wonders of the world, but because I can’t confirm if anyone in the group was enough Christian or even just Christian to be welcomed by Jesus himself.

The next day, the plan was to visit Sugar Loaf (Pão de Açúcar) which is also a magic place we misevaluated at the beginning. After reaching the top, and being enough lucky to be able to see the beaches and even the Christ, we were so happy to take few picture proving that we were there. I think, when it is not cloudy, the view is worth the 25$ (35 R$) we paid. Copacabna beach was also in the plan and we stopped just to have a look at the funny statues of cows in different situations standing all along the pedestrian way. The taxi driver wanted also to point out some elements to make the difference between local girls, tourists and ... girls-like girls 

Rio, I already miss you.

Ralf Bendrath, Research Fellow, University of Bremen

The panellist presented security as a warranty for the future from a scientific perspective since he has security policies background then he reminded that total security cannot be reached. “Actual security discussions are linked to the famous national security but maybe in future IGF meetings we may discuss other issues related to cyber wars for example”. “There is between bad and good the issue of well intended actions like hacking tools which are used by administrators to monitor their networks”.

Huang Chengqing, Secretary-General, Internet Society of China, Beijing

Internet security should be included in the social agenda of governments. Two levels are suggested to study the issues of internet governance at an upper level and then a lower level including Private Sector and Civil Society to discuss the technical aspects with the help of UN and ITU which should have a bigger role in this process. “Fresh” statistics show that Spam coming from China is decreasing compared to other countries. However other problems like phishing or cyber attacks increased. Information security issues are due to the change from technical challenges to income reasons to hackers.

Marco Gercke, Professor of Criminal Law, University of Cologne

Legal standards Important and we can use for the moment what we have already. People in the room now do not share the same tools but share the same technical standards which works. Law enforcement agencies have to cooperate. We have only one international convention concerning cyber crime by the Council of Europe and signed only by 43 countries mainly developed already. No success to reach more developing countries even if the increase rate in information technology users is higher than the one in developed countries. We need more people involved in the discussion and to join the group in order to make progress in the field especially with the help of the ITU which is already organizing meetings in the area.

Lamia Chaffai, Director, Tunisia Internet Agency, Tunisia

Tunisia is trying to take profit from the electronic economy. However, this is not easy at the regional level especially with the fact that our country is the only with an alert centre to avoid being used as a relay for bigger attacks against other countries. This has to be improved at the regional level. Tunisia is trying to help other African countries to use more e-commerce by organizing regional events to enhance the security awareness.

Cristine Hoepers, Leader, Brazilian CERT

Policy, legislation and technical solutions are the main pillars of security issues. The centre of response is dealing with day to day issues and undertaking studies in the field. The studies show that some major problems have more than 20 years old. We need to think how to introduce security awareness in the minds of future engineers and explain it as a hole process not only as a technical aspect. With the cooperation required between all the actors we need also to work on preparing the next generation to reduce future problems.

Zahid Jamil, Senior Partner, Jamil & Jamil Barristers-at-Law

The Pakistani government was surprised by the use of IT in terrorism act before having the right law against such activities. The one thing we need to find is the harmonious definition of cyber crimes and the convention of the council of Europe is the only initiative for that. It’s not the mandate of the ITU to regulate the internet.

Before coming to Rio to attend the IGF I was interviewed by a writer/reporter in order to prepare a profile of me to be published in IDRC@IGF website. I like this profile and that's why I decided to publish it also in my blog :

Name: Marouen Mraihi

Age: 27

Country: Tunisia

Main development interest: Helping to bridge the digital divide

Main reason for coming to IGF: Professional – to renew relationships and to offer a North African perspective on the issues. Personal – to identify areas where research is needed for my Ph.D thesis

3 favourite Web sites: Facebook, Google, webmanagercenter.com (first comprehensive IT, business and news site in Tunisia)

For most young Tunisians who earn a university degree in information technology, the future is easy to predict: a job in the IT field, likely in the private sector. For Marouen Mraihi, who recently completed a Masters degree in Information & Communication Technologies from Medway School of Engineering at the University of Greenwich in the United Kingdom, a year spent volunteering in Africa when he was twenty-five inspired a different goal: to use his IT expertise to help disadvantaged people, especially in places where IT is barely used and has enormous potential to give communities access to knowledge and to opportunities. “I’m a geek and an activist for ICTs for development,” he says. “I’m committed to fighting the digital divide, both in my country and in my region.”

During his time in Africa, Marouen was a trainer in community wireless network workshops sponsored by the Association for Progressive Communication (APC) and IDRC in South Africa, Senegal and Morocco, and before that he was system administrator and staff trainer for the Association Municipalités du Mali in Bamako (Mali) as part of the Cyber-Volunteers program.

A life-changing experience

He admits to having no idea initially that his African experience would change his perspective on his work and indeed his life. “At the beginning it was just because I needed some volunteer experience to put on my résumé. But when I saw how I could help improve people’s lives, giving them new tools and opportunities, I felt this is what I must do.”

Back in Tunisia, Marouen continued to volunteer, this time for a charity organization that offers training in Internet and multimedia technologies. “On my own time I helped some people who couldn’t afford to pay the small fees, so I saw the digital divide. This gave me an interest in helping shape policies that can bring access to ICTs to everyone.”

This interest, and the expertise he’d gained through his education and his volunteer experiences, made him an obvious choice to attend both the first World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) in Geneva in 2003, and the second in 2005 in his home city, Tunis.

Helping shape the future

“I was very fortunate to get funding to attend as a student,” he says. “The first WSIS introduced me to the Youth Caucus, a gathering of all the youth participating in WSIS. The goal of the Caucus is to attend UN summits and to show that we’re very active and very committed, that we’re a force. It’s so important that the youth perspective is heard clearly, because something like 70% of African youth is under twenty-five. These summits are discussing our future.”

Marouen looks forward to renewing at the IGF many relationships that began with WSIS. “Many of my friends from the Middle East and North Africa will be there, and I know we will start discussions there that will continue long afterwards. I don’t expect the IGF to produce major results because the problems are big and complex. Everything will come after, through relationships. Ultimately, regional networks are how these problems will be resolved.”

Marouen also feels that being exposed at the IGF to a wealth of ideas and perspectives will help him decide on a topic for his Ph.D. thesis. “My Masters project was on how to use e-learning in charities, and now attending the IGF will be a great opportunity to renew my academic work. The timing is perfect, and I’m grateful to IDRC for giving me this opportunity.” bb